Scan beyond the bonnet
Instead of watching only the car directly ahead, read the developing scene: traffic lights, side roads, parked cars, people near crossings and large vehicles blocking your view. Look for signs that something may change, such as a pedestrian turning towards the road or a car edging out of a driveway. Keep checking your mirrors so you know what is happening behind you.
Leave yourself options
A following gap allows time to brake, and sensible lane positioning can preserve space around the vehicle. Avoid driving for long periods beside another car where there is no escape space. Reduce speed before blind corners or busy junctions. When somebody makes a poor decision, your aim is to avoid the hazard, not prove who was right.
Do not assume you have been seen
A motorcyclist may be hidden behind a pillar, a pedestrian may emerge between vehicles, or a driver may signal and then change their mind. Treat signals as clues, not guarantees. Make eye contact when possible but never rely on eye contact alone. Look for actual movement and a clear, safe path.
Control your own state
Fatigue, anger, phone use, alcohol, drugs and some medications can compromise judgement. Plan sufficient rest and avoid distractions before they occur. Keep the cabin organised so loose objects cannot interfere with the pedals. If another driver becomes aggressive, avoid confrontation, keep distance and follow local emergency advice if threatened.
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